缓冲器的工作原理Working principle of buffer

1、当液压缓冲器受到碰撞压力时，动能经塞头和加速弹簧转给活塞，使其向右运动。原来缓冲器工作腔内装有一个复位弹簧、顶杆以及油液；

1. When the hydraulic buffer is subjected to impact pREssure, the kinetic energy is transferred to the piston through the plug head and acceleration spring, making it move to the right. The working cavity of the original buffer is equipped with a return spring, an ejector rod and oil;

2、活塞的运动挤压工作腔内的油液，使其复位弹簧压缩，同时使油液从活塞与顶杆之间的环形间隙挤压出来，进入贮油腔。在活塞开始运动时，由于于顶杆之间的环形间隙较大，油液容易被挤出；在活塞继续运动中，这一环形间隙变得越来越小，即活塞阻力不断增大，到顶杆的圆柱形阶段后，环形间隙为零，阻力也稳定于***值；

2. The movement of the piston squeezes the oil in the working chamber and compresses the return spring. At the same time, the oil is squeezed out from the annular gap between the piston and the ejector rod and enters the oil storage chamber. When the piston starts to move, the oil is easy to be squeezed out due to the large annular gap between the ejector rod and the piston; while the piston continues to move, the annular clearance becomes smaller and smaller, that is, the piston resistance increases continuously. After reaching the cylindrical stage of the ejector rod, the annular clearance is zero and the resistance is stable at the maximum value;

3、缓冲器被压缩的过程是通过活塞挤压油液做功的过程。这一过程消耗了大量动能，起到缓冲作用。当工作完毕，活塞被复位弹簧推至原始位置，完成一个工作循环。

3. The process of the buffer being compressed is the process that the piston squeezes the oil to do work. This process consumes a lot of kinetic energy and acts as a buffer. When the work is finished, the piston is pushed to the original position by the return spring to complete a working cycle.