什么是阻尼器，阻尼器的种类有哪些What aRE dampers and what are the types of dampers

阻尼器，是以提供运动的阻力，耗减运动能量的装置。使自由振动衰减的各种摩擦和其他阻碍作用，我们称之为阻尼。而安置在结构系统上的“特殊”构件可以提供运动的阻力，耗减运动能量的装置，我们称为阻尼器。

Damper is a device to provide resistance of movement and reduce energy of motion. The friction and other obstructions that attenuate free vibration are called damping. The "special" components plACEd on the structural system can provide resistance to movement and reduce the motion energy, which is called damper.

利用阻尼来吸能减震不是什么新技术，在航天、航空、军工、枪炮、汽车等行业中早已应用各种各样的阻尼器（或减震器）来减振消能。从二十世纪七十年代后，人们开始逐步地把这些技术转用到建筑、桥梁、铁路等结构工程中，其发展十分迅速。特别是有五十多年历史的液压粘滞阻尼器， 在美国被结构工程界接受以前，经历了大量实验，严格审查，反复论证，特别是地震考验的漫长过程。

It is not a new technology to use damping to absorb energy and reduce energy. In aerospace, aviation, military, gun, automobile and other industries, a variety of dampers (or shock absorbers) have been used to reduce vibration and energy dissipation. Since the 1970s, people began to gradually apply these technologies to construction, bridge, railway and other structural engineering, and its development is very rapid. In particular, the hydraulic viscous damper, which has a history of more than 50 years, has undergone a lot of experiments, strict examination, repeated demonstration, ESPECially the long process of earthquake test before it was accepted by the structural engineering field in the United States.

阻尼器只是一个构件.使用在不同地方或不同工作环境就有不同的阻尼作用。Damper：用于减振；Snubber：用于防震，低速时允许移动，在速度或加速度超过相应的值时闭锁，形成刚性支撑。

Damper is only a component. It has different damping effect when it is used in different places or different working environment. Damp: used for vibration reduction; snubber: used for shock proof, allowing movement at low speed, and locking when the speed or acceleration exceeds the corresponding value to form a rigid support.

各种应用中有：弹簧阻尼器，液压阻尼器，脉冲阻尼器，旋转阻尼器，风阻尼器，粘滞阻尼器，阻尼铰链，阻尼滑轨，家具五金，橱柜五金等。

Various applications are: spring damper, hydraulic damper, pulse damper, rotary damper, Wind Damper, viscous damper, damping hinge, damping slide, furniture hardware, cabinet hardware, etc.